CLC number: TN99
On-line Access: 2020-02-27
Received: 2019-09-02
Revision Accepted: 2019-12-25
Crosschecked: 2020-01-13
Cited: 0
Clicked: 4966
Citations: Bibtex RefMan EndNote GB/T7714
Rui-yuan Wu, Tie-jun Cui. Microwave metamaterials: from exotic physics to novel information systems[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering,in press.https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1900465 @article{title="Microwave metamaterials: from exotic physics to novel information systems", %0 Journal Article TY - JOUR
电磁超材料:从新物理现象到新信息系统1东南大学毫米波国家重点实验室,中国南京市,210096 2东南大学无线通信技术协同创新中心,中国南京市,210096 摘要:由于对电磁波强大的调控能力,超材料和超表面吸引了越来越多研究者的关注。本文回顾总结近年来电磁超材料的发展,从最初的新物理现象到现在的新信息系统。首先展示等效媒质超材料的定义和应用,包括隐身衣和超材料透镜等。随后介绍二维超材料,即电磁超表面,对空间波和表面波的调控功能,同时概述表面等离子激元及其在微波段的应用。在此基础上,着重介绍新颖的数字编码超材料和可编程超材料,统称信息超材料。通过将理论层的信息科学与物理层的超材料设计联系在一起,实现一系列新型器件和系统,同时实现信息和电磁波调控。最后,对超材料的未来发展做出展望。 关键词组: Darkslateblue:Affiliate; Royal Blue:Author; Turquoise:Article
Reference[1]Bai GD, Ma Q, Iqbal S, et al., 2018. Multitasking shared aperture enabled with multiband digital coding metasurface. Adv Opt Mater, 6(21):1800657. [2]Bai GD, Ma Q, Cao WK, et al., 2019. Manipulation of electromagnetic and acoustic wave behaviors via shared digital coding metallic metasurface. Adv Intell Syst, 1(5): 1900038. [3]Bao L, Ma Q, Bai GD, et al., 2018. Design of digital coding metasurfaces with independent controls of phase and amplitude responses. Appl Phys Lett, 113(6):063502. [4]Bie X, Jing XF, Hong Z, et al., 2018. Flexible control of transmitting terahertz beams based on multilayer encoding metasurfaces. Appl Opt, 57(30):9070-9077. [5]Cai BG, Li YB, Jiang WX, et al., 2015. Generation of spatial Bessel beams using holographic metasurface. Opt Expr, 23(6):7593-7601. [6]Chen HS, Wu BI, Zhang BL, et al., 2007. Electromagnetic wave interactions with a metamaterial cloak. Phys Rev Lett, 99(6):063903. [7]Chen HT, Taylor AJ, Yu NF, 2016. A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications. Rep Progr Phys, 79(7):076401. [8]Chen K, Feng YJ, Monticone F, et al., 2017. A reconfigurable active Huygens’ metalens. Adv Mater, 29(17):1606422. [9]Chen MLN, Jiang LJ, Sha W, 2016. Ultrathin complementary metasurface for orbital angular momentum generation at microwave frequencies. IEEE Trans Antenn Propag, 65(1):396-400. [10]Chen X, Ma HF, Zou XY, et al., 2011. Three-dimensional broadband and high-directivity lens antenna made of metamaterials. J Appl Phys, 110(4):044904. [11]Cheng Q, Cui TJ, Jiang WX, et al., 2010. An omnidirectional electromagnetic absorber made of metamaterials. New J Phys, 12(6):063006. [12]Collin RE, 1960. Field Theory of Guided Waves. McGraw-Hill, New York. [13]Cui TJ, 2017. Microwave metamaterials—from passive to digital and programmable controls of electromagnetic waves. J Opt, 19(8):084004. [14]Cui TJ, 2018. Microwave metamaterials. Nat Sci Rev, 5(2): 134-136. [15]Cui TJ, Smith DR, Liu R, 2010. Metamaterials: Theory, Design, and Applications. Springer, New York. [16]Cui TJ, Qi MQ, Wan X, et al., 2014. Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light Sci Appl, 3(10):e218. [17]Cui TJ, Liu S, Li LL, 2016. Information entropy of coding metasurface. Light Sci Appl, 5(11):e16172. [18]Cui TJ, Liu S, Zhang L, 2017a. Information metamaterials and metasurfaces. J Mater Chem C, 5(15):3644-3668. [19]Cui TJ, Wu RY, Wu W, et al., 2017b. Large-scale transmission- type multifunctional anisotropic coding metasurfaces in millimeter-wave frequencies. J Phys D, 50(40):404002. [20]Cui TJ, Liu S, Bai GD, et al., 2019. Direct transmission of digital message via programmable coding metasurface. Research, 2019:2584509. [21]Dai JY, Zhao J, Cheng Q, et al., 2018. Independent control of harmonic amplitudes and phases via a time-domain digital coding metasurface. Light Sci Appl, 7(1):90. [22]Ding F, Pors A, Bozhevolnyi SI, 2017. Gradient metasurfaces: a review of fundamentals and applications. Rep Progr Phys, 81(2):026401. [23]Engheta N, Ziolkowski RW, 2006. Electromagnetic Meta- materials: Physics and Engineering Explorations. Wiley and IEEE Press, Hoboken. [24]Fu XJ, Cui TJ, 2019. Recent progress on metamaterials: from effective medium model to real-time information processing system. Progr Quant Electron, 67:100223. [25]Gao LH, Cheng Q, Yang J, et al., 2015. Broadband diffusion of terahertz waves by multi-bit coding metasurfaces. Light Sci Appl, 4(9):e324. [26]Gao X, Han X, Cao WP, et al., 2015. Ultrawideband and high-efficiency linear polarization converter based on double V-shaped metasurface. IEEE Trans Antenn Propag, 63(8):3522-3530. [27]Gao Z, Wu L, Gao F, et al., 2018. Spoof plasmonics: from metamaterial concept to topological description. Adv Mater, 30(31):1706683. [28]Garcia-Vidal J, Martín-Moreno L, Pendry JB, 2005. Surfaces with holes in them: new plasmonic metamaterials. J Opt A, 7(2):S97-S101. [29]Gil M, Bonache J, Martín F, 2008. Metamaterial filters: a review. Metamaterials, 2(4):186-197. [30]Giovampaola CD, Engheta N, 2014. Digital metamaterials. Nat Mater, 13(12):1115-1121. [31]Han JQ, Li L, Yi H, et al., 2018. 1-bit digital orbital angular momentum vortex beam generator based on a coding reflective metasurface. Opt Mater Expr, 8(11):3470-3478. [32]Holloway CL, Kuester EF, Gordon JA, et al., 2012. An overview of the theory and applications of metasurfaces: the two-dimensional equivalents of metamaterials. IEEE Antenn Propag Mag, 54(2):10-35. [33]Huang YJ, Wen GJ, Li J, et al., 2013. Wide-angle and polarization-independent metamaterial absorber based on snowflake-shaped configuration. J Electromagn Waves Appl, 27(5):552-559. [34]Jiang WX, Ge S, Han TC, et al., 2016. Shaping 3D path of electromagnetic waves using gradient-refractive-index metamaterials. Adv Sci, 3(8):1600022. [35]Jing Y, Li YF, Zhang JQ, et al., 2018. Fast coding method of metasurfaces based on 1D coding in orthogonal directions. J Phys D, 51(47):475103. [36]Karimi E, Schulz SA, de Leon I, et al., 2014. Generating optical orbital angular momentum at visible wavelengths using a plasmonic metasurface. Light Sci Appl, 3(5): e167. [37]Kong GS, Ma HF, Cai BG, et al., 2016. Continuous leaky- wave scanning using periodically modulated spoof plasmonic waveguide. Sci Rep, 6:29600. [38]Kuester EF, Mohamed MA, Piket-May M, et al., 2003. Averaged transition conditions for electromagnetic fields at a metafilm. IEEE Trans Antenn Propag, 51(10):2641- 2651. [39]Kundtz N, Smith DR, 2010. Extreme-angle broadband metamaterial lens. Nat Mater, 9(2):129-132. [40]Landy N, Smith DR, 2013. A full-parameter unidirectional metamaterial cloak for microwaves. Nat Mater, 12(1): 25-28. [41]Li HP, Wang GM, Gao XJ, et al., 2018. A novel metasurface for dual-mode and dual-band flat high-gain antenna application. IEEE Trans Antenn Propag, 66(7):3706-3711. [42]Li K, Li L, Cai YM, et al., 2015. A novel design of low-profile dual-band circularly polarized antenna with meta-surface. IEEE Antenn Wirel Propag Lett, 14:1650-1653. [43]Li LL, Cui TJ, 2019. Information metamaterials―from effective media to real-time information processing systems. Nanophotonics, 8(5):703-724. [44]Li LL, Cui TJ, Ji W, et al., 2017. Electromagnetic reprogrammable coding-metasurface holograms. Nat Commun, 8(1):197. [45]Li Y, Assouar BM, 2016. Acoustic metasurface-based perfect absorber with deep subwavelength thickness. Appl Phys Lett, 108(6):063502. [46]Li Y, Liang B, Gu ZM, et al., 2013. Reflected wavefront manipulation based on ultrathin planar acoustic metasurfaces. Sci Rep, 3:2546. [47]Li YB, Wan X, Cai BG, et al., 2014. Frequency-controls of electromagnetic multi-beam scanning by metasurfaces. Sci Rep, 4:6921. [48]Li YB, Cai BG, Cheng Q, et al., 2016a. Isotropic holographic metasurfaces for dual‐functional radiations without mutual interferences. Adv Funct Mater, 26(1):29-35. [49]Li YB, Li LL, Xu BB, et al., 2016b. Transmission-type 2-bit programmable metasurface for single-sensor and single- frequency microwave imaging. Sci Rep, 6:23731. [50]Li ZC, Liu WW, Cheng H, et al., 2015. Realizing broadband and invertible linear-to-circular polarization converter with ultrathin single-layer metasurface. Sci Rep, 5:18106. [51]Li ZC, Liu WW, Cheng H, et al., 2016. Tunable dual-band asymmetric transmission for circularly polarized waves with graphene planar chiral metasurfaces. Opt Lett, 41(13): 3142-3145. [52]Liang LJ, Qi MQ, Yang J, et al., 2015. Anomalous terahertz reflection and scattering by flexible and conformal coding metamaterials. Adv Opt Mater, 3(10):1374-1380. [53]Liao Z, Zhao J, Pan BC, et al., 2014. Broadband transition between microstrip line and conformal surface plasmon waveguide. J Phys D, 47(31):315103. [54]Lin XQ, Cui TJ, Chin JY, et al., 2008. Controlling electromagnetic waves using tunable gradient dielectric meta- material lens. Appl Phys Lett, 92(13):131904. [55]Liu LX, Zhang XQ, Kenney M, et al., 2014. Broadband metasurfaces with simultaneous control of phase and amplitude. Adv Mater, 26(29):5031-5036. [56]Liu R, Ji C, Mock JJ, et al., 2009. Broadband ground-plane cloak. Science, 323(5912):366-369. [57]Liu RP, Cui TJ, Huang D, et al., 2007. Description and explanation of electromagnetic behaviors in artificial metamaterials based on effective medium theory. Phys Rev E, 76(2):026606. [58]Liu S, Chen HB, Cui TJ, 2015. A broadband terahertz absorber using multi-layer stacked bars. Appl Phys Lett, 106(15): 151601. [59]Liu S, Cui TJ, Xu Q, et al., 2016a. Anisotropic coding meta- materials and their powerful manipulation of differently polarized terahertz waves. Light Sci Appl, 5(5):e16076. [60]Liu S, Cui TJ, Zhang L, et al., 2016b. Convolution operations on coding metasurface to reach flexible and continuous controls of terahertz beams. Adv Sci, 3(10):1600156. [61]Liu S, Zhang L, Yang QL, et al., 2016c. Frequency‐dependent dual‐functional coding metasurfaces at terahertz frequencies. Adv Opt Mater, 4(12):1965-1973. [62]Liu S, Zhang HC, Zhang L, et al., 2017. Full-state controls of terahertz waves using tensor coding metasurfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interf, 9(25):21503-21514. [63]Liu S, Cui TJ, Noor A, et al., 2018. Negative reflection and negative surface wave conversion from obliquely incident electromagnetic waves. Light Sci Appl, 7(5):18008. [64]Liu XY, Feng YJ, Zhu B, et al., 2016. Backward spoof surface wave in plasmonic metamaterial of ultrathin metallic structure. Sci Rep, 6:20448. [65]Ma HF, Cui TJ, 2010a. Three-dimensional broadband ground- plane cloak made of metamaterials. Nat Commun, 1(1):21. [66]Ma HF, Cui TJ, 2010b. Three-dimensional broadband and broad-angle transformation-optics lens. Nat Commun, 1(1):124. [67]Ma HF, Shen XP, Cheng Q, et al., 2014. Broadband and high‐efficiency conversion from guided waves to spoof surface plasmon polaritons. Laser Photon Rev, 8(1): 146-151. [68]Ma Q, Shi CB, Bai GD, et al., 2017. Beam‐editing coding metasurfaces based on polarization bit and orbital‐ angular‐momentum‐mode bit. Adv Opt Mater, 5(23): 1700548. [69]Markovich DL, Andryieuski A, Zalkovskij M, et al., 2013. Metamaterial polarization converter analysis: limits of performance. Appl Phys B, 112(2):143-152. [70]Minatti G, Maci S, de Vita P, et al., 2012. A circularly- polarized isoflux antenna based on anisotropic metasurface. IEEE Trans Antenn Propag, 60(11):4998-5009. [71]Moccia M, Liu S, Wu RY, et al., 2017. Coding metasurfaces for diffuse scattering: scaling laws, bounds, and suboptimal design. Adv Opt Mater, 5(19):1700455. [72]Moitra P, Yang YM, Anderson Z, et al., 2013. Realization of an all-dielectric zero-index optical metamaterial. Nat Photon, 7(10):791-795. [73]Narimanov EE, Kildishev AV, 2009. Optical black hole: broadband omnidirectional light absorber. Appl Phys Lett, 95(4):041106. [74]O’Hara JF, Averitt RD, Taylor AJ, 2005. Prism coupling to terahertz surface plasmon polaritons. Opt Expr, 13(16): 6117-6126. [75]Padilla WJ, Basov DN, Smith DR, 2006. Negative refractive index metamaterials. Mater Today, 9(7-8):28-35. [76]Park J, Youn JR, Song YS, 2019. Hydrodynamic metamaterial cloak for drag-free flow. Phys Rev Lett, 123(7):074502. [77]Pendry JB, 2000. Negative refraction makes a perfect lens. Phys Rev Lett, 85(18):3966-3969. [78]Pendry JB, Holden AJ, Stewart WJ, et al., 1996. Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures. Phys Rev Lett, 76(25):4773-4776. [79]Pendry JB, Holden AJ, Robbins DJ, et al., 1999. Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena,. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Techn, 47(11):2075-2084. [80]Pendry JB, Martín-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal FJ, 2004. Mimicking surface plasmons with structured surfaces. Science, 305(5685):847-848. [81]Pendry JB, Schurig D, Smith DR, 2006. Controlling electromagnetic fields. Science, 312(5781):1780-1782. [82]Pfeiffer C, Grbic A, 2013. Metamaterial Huygens’ surfaces: tailoring wave fronts with reflectionless sheets. Phys Rev Lett, 110(19):197401. [83]Qi MQ, Tang WX, Xu HX, et al., 2013. Tailoring radiation patterns in broadband with controllable aperture field using metamaterials. IEEE Trans Antenn Propag, 61(11):5792-5798. [84]Ramaccia D, Scattone F, Bilotti F, et al., 2013. Broadband compact horn antennas by using EPS-ENZ metamaterial lens. IEEE Trans Antenn Propag, 61(6):2929-2937. [85]Schurig D, Mock JJ, Justice BJ, et al., 2006. Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies. Science, 314(5801):977-980. [86]Shalaev MI, Sun JB, Tsukernik A, et al., 2015. High-efficiency all-dielectric metasurfaces for ultracompact beam manipulation in transmission mode. Nano Lett, 15(9):6261- 6266. [87]Shao LD, Zhu WR, Leonov MY, et al., 2019. Dielectric 2-bit coding metasurface for electromagnetic wave manipulation. J Appl Phys, 125(20):203101. [88]Shelby RA, Smith DR, Schultz S, 2001. Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science, 292(5514):77-79. [89]Shen XP, Cui TJ, 2013. Planar plasmonic metamaterial on a thin film with nearly zero thickness. Appl Phys Lett, 102(21):211909. [90]Shen XP, Cui TJ, Martin-Cano D, et al., 2013. Conformal surface plasmons propagating on ultrathin and flexible films. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 110(1):40-45. [91]Shen Z, Jin BB, Zhao JM, et al., 2016. Design of transmission- type coding metasurface and its application of beam forming. Appl Phys Lett, 109(12):121103. [92]Sievenpiper D, Zhang LJ, Broas RFJ, et al., 1999. High- impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Techn, 47(11):2059-2074. [93]Smith DR, Padilla WJ, Vier DC, et al., 2000. Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity. Phys Rev Lett, 84(18):4184-4187. [94]Smith DR, Pendry JB, Wiltshire MCK, 2004. Metamaterials and negative refractive index. Science, 305(5685): 788-792. [95]Sun JB, Liu LY, Dong GY, et al., 2011. An extremely broad band metamaterial absorber based on destructive interference. Opt Expr, 19(22):21155-21162. [96]Sun SL, He Q, Xiao SY, et al., 2012. Gradient-index meta- surfaces as a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves. Nat Mater, 11(5):426-431. [97]Tang WX, Zhang HC, Ma HF, et al., 2019. Concept, theory, design, and applications of spoof surface plasmon polaritons at microwave frequencies. Adv Opt Mater, 7(1): 1800421. [98]Veselago VG, 1967. Electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of ε and μ. Usp Fiz Nauk, 92:517-526. [99]Wakatsuchi H, Kim S, Rushton JJ, et al., 2013. Waveform- dependent absorbing metasurfaces. Phys Rev Lett, 111(24):245501. [100]Wan X, Shen XP, Luo Y, et al., 2014. Planar bifunctional Luneburg‐fisheye lens made of an anisotropic metasurface. Laser Photon Rev, 8(5):757-765. [101]Wan X, Qi MQ, Chen TY, et al., 2016a. Field-programmable beam reconfiguring based on digitally-controlled coding metasurface. Sci Rep, 6:20663. [102]Wan X, Jia SL, Cui TJ, et al., 2016b. Independent modulations of the transmission amplitudes and phases by using Huygens metasurfaces. Sci Rep, 6:25639. [103]Wan X, Zhang Q, Chen TY, et al., 2019. Multichannel direct transmissions of near-field information. Light Sci Appl, 8(1):60. [104]Wang M, Ma HF, Zhang HC, et al., 2018. Frequency-fixed beam-scanning leaky-wave antenna using electronically controllable corrugated microstrip line. IEEE Trans Antenn Propag, 66(9):4449-4457. [105]Wang ZX, Zhang HC, Lu J, et al., 2018. Compact filters with adjustable multi-band rejections based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons. J Phys D, 52(2):025107. [106]Wei ZY, Cao Y, Su XP, et al., 2013. Highly efficient beam steering with a transparent metasurface. Opt Expr, 21(9): 10739-10745. [107]Wong AMH, Eleftheriades GV, 2018. Perfect anomalous reflection with a bipartite Huygens’ metasurface. Phys Rev X, 8(1):011036. [108]Wu HT, Liu S, Wan X, et al., 2017. Controlling energy radiations of electromagnetic waves via frequency coding metamaterials. Adv Sci, 4(9):1700098. [109]Wu PC, Zhu WM, Shen ZX, et al., 2017. Broadband wide‐angle multifunctional polarization converter via liquid‐metal‐based metasurface. Adv Opt Mater, 5(7): 1600938. [110]Wu RY, Shi CB, Liu S, et al., 2018. Addition theorem for digital coding metamaterials. Adv Opt Mater, 6(5): 1701236. [111]Wu RY, Zhang L, Bao L, et al., 2019. Digital metasurface with phase code and reflection-transmission amplitude code for flexible full‐space electromagnetic manipulations. Adv Opt Mater, 7(8):1801429. [112]Xie BY, Tang K, Cheng H, et al., 2017. Coding acoustic metasurfaces. Adv Mater, 29(6):1603507. [113]Xu HX, Hu GW, Han L, et al., 2019. Chirality‐assisted high‐efficiency metasurfaces with independent control of phase, amplitude, and polarization. Adv Opt Mater, 7(4): 1801479. [114]Xu J, Li RQ, Wang SY, et al., 2018. Ultra-broadband linear polarization converter based on anisotropic metasurface. Opt Expr, 26(20):26235-26241. [115]Yi XN, Ling XH, Zhang ZY, et al., 2014. Generation of cylindrical vector vortex beams by two cascaded metasurfaces. Opt Expr, 22(14):17207-17215. [116]Yin JY, Ren J, Zhang Q, et al., 2016. Frequency-controlled broad-angle beam scanning of patch array fed by spoof surface plasmon polaritons. IEEE Trans Antenn Propag, 64(12):5181-5189. [117]Yu NF, Genevet P, Kats MA, et al., 2012. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science, 334(6504):333-337. [118]Yu SX, Li L, Shi GM, et al., 2016a. Design, fabrication, and measurement of reflective metasurface for orbital angular momentum vortex wave in radio frequency domain. Appl Phys Lett, 108(12):121903. [119]Yu SX, Li L, Shi GM, 2016b. Dual-polarization and dual- mode orbital angular momentum radio vortex beam generated by using reflective metasurface. Appl Phys Expr, 9(8):082202. [120]Yu SX, Li L, Shi GM, et al., 2016c. Generating multiple orbital angular momentum vortex beams using a metasurface in radio frequency domain. Appl Phys Lett, 108(24):241901. [121]Zhang C, Cao WK, Yang J, et al., 2019. Multiphysical digital coding metamaterials for independent control of broadband electromagnetic and acoustic waves with a large variety of functions. ACS Appl Mater Interf, 11(18): 17050-17055. [122]Zhang HC, Liu S, Shen XP, et al., 2015a. Broadband amplification of spoof surface plasmon polaritons at microwave frequencies. Laser Photon Rev, 9(1):83-90. [123]Zhang HC, Fan YF, Guo J, et al., 2015b. Second-harmonic generation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons using nonlinear plasmonic metamaterials. ACS Photon, 3(1): 139-146. [124]Zhang L, Mei ST, Huang K, et al., 2016. Advances in full control of electromagnetic waves with metasurfaces. Adv Opt Mater, 4(6):818-833. [125]Zhang L, Liu S, Li LL, et al., 2017. Spin-controlled multiple pencil beams and vortex beams with different polarizations generated by Pancharatnam-Berry coding metasurfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interf, 9(41):36447-36455. [126]Zhang L, Chen XQ, Liu S, et al., 2018a. Space-time-coding digital metasurfaces. Nat Commun, 9:4334. [127]Zhang L, Wu RY, Bai GD, et al., 2018b. Transmission‐ reflection‐integrated multifunctional coding metasurface for full‐space controls of electromagnetic waves. Adv Funct Mater, 28(33):1802205. [128]Zhang L, Chen XQ, Shao RW, et al., 2019. Breaking reciprocity with space‐time‐coding digital metasurfaces. Adv Mater, 31(41):1904069. [129]Zhang Q, Zhang HC, Yin JY, et al., 2016. A series of compact rejection filters based on the interaction between spoof SPPs and CSRRs. Sci Rep, 6:28256. [130]Zhang Q, Wan X, Liu S, et al., 2017. Shaping electromagnetic waves using software-automatically-designed metasurfaces. Sci Rep, 7:3588. [131]Zhang Q, Liu C, Wan X, et al., 2019. Machine‐learning designs of anisotropic digital coding metasurfaces. Adv Theory Simul, 2(2):1800132. [132]Zhang XG, Tang WX, Jiang WX, et al., 2018. Light― controllable digital coding metasurfaces. Adv Sci, 5(11): 1870068. [133]Zhang XR, Tang WX, Zhang HC, et al., 2018. A spoof surface plasmon transmission line loaded with varactors and short-circuit stubs and its application in Wilkinson power dividers. Adv Mater Technol, 3(6):1800046. [134]Zhao J, Cheng Q, Chen J, et al., 2013. A tunable metamaterial absorber using varactor diodes. New J Phys, 15(4): 043049. [135]Zhao J, Yang X, Dai JY, et al., 2018. Programmable time- domain digital-coding metasurface for non-linear harmonic manipulation and new wireless communication systems. Nat Sci Rev, 6(2):231-238. [136]Zheludev NI, Kivshar YS, 2012. From metamaterials to metadevices. Nat Mater, 11(11):917-924. [137]Zheng QQ, Li YF, Zhang JQ, et al., 2017. Wideband, wide- angle coding phase gradient metasurfaces based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase. Sci Rep, 7:43543. [138]Zheng QQ, Li YF, Han YJ, et al., 2019. Efficient orbital angular momentum vortex beam generation by generalized coding metasurface. Appl Phys A, 125(2):136. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou
310027, China
Tel: +86-571-87952783; E-mail: cjzhang@zju.edu.cn Copyright © 2000 - 2024 Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE |
Open peer comments: Debate/Discuss/Question/Opinion
<1>