Similar articles

Abstract: particle size distribution (PSD) is an important parameter in the process of fluidization, and it always plays a crucial role in a gas-solid fluidized system. A PSD model for on-line PSD determination based on acoustic emission (AE) measurement was developed according to the mechanism of particle collision with the inner wall of the cylinder and multi-scale wavelet decomposition analysis. This PSD model illuminates the quantitative relationship between the energy percentage of AE signals for different scales and the PSD, which indicates the feasibility of the application of the PSD model. Experiments were undertaken both in lab and plant gas-solid fluidized setup with polyethylene particles, and the parameters of the PSD model were calibrated and revised. The experimental conditions and results proved that the PSD model was suitable for on-line measurement and was sufficiently sensible and accurate. Concerning agglomeration, the PSD model also showed exact serviceability on detecting the onset of agglomeration by abnormal PSD, and the result agreed with that from the radiation method. Ultimately, AE measurement was found to be a reliable and credible means for understanding the PSD information that affects the behavior of a system, which can provide valuable guidance for practical applications.

[1]Allen, T., 1990. Particle Size Measurement (4th Ed.). Chapman & Hall, London, UK, p.59-63.

[2]Boyd, J.W.R., Varley, J., 2001. The uses of passive measurement of acoustic emissions from chemical engineering processes. Chemical Engineering Science, 56(5):1749-1767.

[3]Braatz, R.D., 2002. Advanced control of crystallization processes. Annual Reviews in Control, 26(1):87-99.

[4]Cody, G.D., Goldfarb, D.J., Storch, G.V., Norris, A.N., 1996. Particle granular temperature in gas fluidized beds. Powder Technology, 87(3):211-232.

[5]Cody, G.D., Bellows, R.J., Goldfarb, D.J., Wolf, H.A., Storch, G.V., 2000. A novel non-intrusive probe of particle motion and gas generation in the feed injection zone of the feed riser of a fluidized bed catalytic cracking unit. Powder Technology, 110(1-2):128-142.

[6]Franklin, J.A., Katsabanis, T., 1996. Measurement of Blast Fragmentation. Balkema Press, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, p.79-82.

[7]Fuerstenau, M.F., Kenneth, N.H., 2003. Principle of Mineral Processing. SME Press, Colorado, USA, p.9-60.

[8]Haar, D.T., 1954. Elements of Statistical Mechanics. Rhinehart Press, New York, USA, p.468-469.

[9]Halstensen, M., Esbensen, M., 2000. New developments in acoustic chemometric prediction of particle size distribution—‘the problem is the solution’. Journal of Chemometrics, 14(5-6):463-481.

[10]He, Y.J., Wang, J.D., Cao, Y.J., Yang, Y.R., 2009. Resolution of structure characteristics of AE signals in multiphase flow system-from data to information. AIChE Journal, 55(10):2563-2577.

[11]Hunter, G.C., McDermott, C., Miles, N.J., Singh, A., Scoble, M.J., 1990. A review of image analysis techniques for measuring blast fragmentation. Mining Science and Technology, 11(1):19-36.

[12]Jiang, X.J., Wang, J.D., Jiang, B.B., Yang, Y.R., Hou, L.X., 2007. Study of power spectrum of acoustic emission (AE) by accelerometers in fluidized beds. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 46(21):6904-6909.

[13]Landau, L.D., 1970. Theory of Elasticity. Pergamon, Oxford, UK, p.97-102.

[14]Lange, T.B., 1988. Real-Time Measurement of the Size Distribution of Rocks on a Conveyor Belt. Proceedings IFAC Applied Measurements in Mineral and Metallurgical Processing, Transvaal, South Africa, p.25-36.

[15]Larsen, P.A., Rawlings, J.B., Ferrier, N.J., 2006. An algorithm for analyzing noisy, in situ images of high-aspect-ratio crystals to monitor particle size distribution. Chemical Engineering Science, 61(16):5236-5248. [doi:10.1016/j. ces.2006.03.035]

[16]Lin, C.L., Yen, Y.K., Miller, J.D., 1995. On-Line Particle Size Measurement—Industrial Testing. SME Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, USA, p.95-241.

[17]Lin, C.L., Yen, Y.K., Miller, J.D., 2000. Plant-site evaluations of the OPSA system for on-line particle size measurement from moving belt conveyors. Minerals Engineering, 13(8-9):897-909.

[18]Ma, D.Y., 1983. Acoustics Handbook. Science Press, Beijing, China, p.58-60 (in Chinese).

[19]Monoro, J.J., Gonzalez, E., 1993. New Analytical Techniques to Evaluate Fragmentation Based on Image Analysis by Computer Methods. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, Vienna, Austria, p.309-316.

[20]Mylvaganam, S., 2003. Some applications of acoustic emission in particle science and technology. Particulate Science and Technology, 21(3):293-301.

[21]Naito, M., Hayakawa, O., Nakahira, K., Mori, H., Tsubaki, J., 1998. Effect of particle shape on the particle size distribution measured with commercial equipment. Powder Technology, 100(1):52-60.

[22]Ni, J.R., Han, P., Zhang, R., 1997. Variations of sediment characteristics in the middle reach of Yellow river with respect to regional water and soil conservations I: sediment size distributions. Journal of Natural Resources, 12(1):1-9.

[23]Peng, Y.H., 2000. Wavelet Transform and the Application in Engineering. Science Press, Beijing, China, p.153-160 (in Chinese).

[24]Ren, C.J., Jiang, X.J., Wang, J.D., Yang, Y.R., Zhang, X.H., 2008. Determination of critical speed for complete solid suspension using acoustic emission method based on multiscale analysis in stirred tank. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 47(15):5323-5327.

[25]Wang, J.D., Yang, Y.R., Ge, P.F., Shu, W.J., Hou, L.X., 2007. Measurement of the fluidized velocity in gas-solid fluidized beds based on AE signal analysis by wavelet packet transform. Science in China Series B: Chemistry, 50(2):284-289.

[26]Wang, J.D., Ren, C.J., Yang, Y.R., 2010. Characterization of flow regime transition and particle motion using acoustic emission measurement in a gas-solid fluidized bed. AIChE Journal, 56(5):1173-1183.

[27]Worlitschek, J., Hocker, T., Mazzotti, M., 2005. Restoration of PSD from chord length distribution data using the method of projections onto convex sets. Particle and Particle Systems Characterization, 22(2):81-98.

[28]Wu, Z.H., 1999. College Physics. Zhejiang University Press, Hangzhou, China, p.200-203 (in Chinese).

[29]Xu, R.L., Guida, O.A.D., 2003. Comparison of sizing small particles using different technologies. Powder Technology, 132(2-3):145-153.