Similar articles

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effect of chitosan (CH) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) seed coatings and seedling sprinklings on two different maize varieties by measuring their phenology, the H₂O₂ presence, the catalase (CAT) activity, and the protein quantity. Methods: Seven groups of ten seeds for each maize variety were treated with CH (2% (20 g/L) and 0.2% (2 g/L)) or H₂O₂ (8 mmol/L) by coating, sprinkling, or both. Germination and seedling growth were measured. One month after germination, the presence of H₂O₂ in seedlings in the coated seed treatments was evaluated. protein content and CAT activity were determined under all treatments. Results: H₂O₂ seed coating enhanced the germination rate and increased seedling and stem length in the quality protein maize (QPM) variety. Seedlings had a higher emergence velocity under this treatment in both varieties. CH and H₂O₂ sprinklings did not have an effect on seedling phenology. Exogenous application of H₂O₂ promoted an increase of endogenous H₂O₂. CH and H₂O₂ seedling sprinkling increased the protein content in both maize varieties, while there was no significant effect on the CAT activity of treated seeds and seedlings. Conclusions: CH and H₂O₂ enhance some phenological and biochemical features of maize depending on their method of application.

[1]Abdel-Mawgoud, A.M.R., Tantawy, A.S., El-Nemr, M.A., Sassine, Y.N., 2010. Growth and yield responses of strawberry plants to chitosan application. Eur. J. Sci. Res., 39(1):161-168.

[2]Albajes, R., Gullino, M., Lodovica, J.C., Elad, Y., 1999. Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops. Kluwer Academic Publishers. New York, USA.

[3]Amjad, H., Shafqat, F., Nayyer, I., Rubina, A., 2004. Influence of exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide on root and seedling growth on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng., 6(2):366-369.

[4]Apel, K., Hirt, H., 2004. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 55(1):373-399.

[5]Asghari-Zakaria, R., Maleki-Zanjani, B., Sedghi, E., 2009. Effect of in vitro chitosan application on growth and minituber yield of Solanum tuberosum L. Plant, Soil Environ., 55(6):252-256.

[6]Bhaskara Reddy, M.V., Arul, J., Angers, P., Couture, L., 1999. Chitosan treatment of wheat seeds induces resistance to Fusarium graminearun and improves seed quality. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47(3):1208-1216.

[7]Bradford, M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Anal. Biochem., 72(1-2):248-254.

[8]Bradley, D.J., Kjellbom, P., Lamb, C.J., 1992. Elicitor-induced and wound-induced oxidative cross-linking of a proline-rich plant cell wall protein-a novel, rapid defense response. Cell, 70(1):21-30.

[9]Camarena-Gutiérrez, C., de la Torre-Almaráz, R., 2007. Systemic acquired resistance in plants: current status. Chapingo J. For. Environ. Sci. Serie, 12(2):25-30 (in Spanish).

[10]Castro-Rivera, J.A., Baquero-Duarte, L.E., Narváez-Cuenca, C.E., 2006. Catalase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase from pitaya amarilla fruits (Acanthocereus pitajaya). Revista Colombiana de Química, 35(1):91-101.

[11]Çavusoglu, K., Kabar, K., 2010. Effects of hydrogen peroxide on the germination and early seedling growth of barley under NaCl and high temperature stresses. Eur. Asian J. Biosci., 4:70-79.

[12]Edwards, D.G.W., Sutherland, J.R., 1979. Hydrogen peroxide treatment of abies seeds. Canadian Forest Service. Bi-monthly Res. Notes., 35(1):3-4.

[13]El-Hadrami, A., Adam, L.R., El Hadrami, I., Daayf, F., 2010. Chitosan in plant Protection. Mar. Drugs, 8(4):968-987.

[14]FAOSTAT, 2010. Maize Crop Production (Updated 7 August 2012). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Reviewed on September 2012.

[15]Gondim, F.A., Gomes-Filho, E., Lacerda, C.F., Prisco, J.T., Azevedo-Neto, A.D., Marques, E.C., 2010. Pretreatment with H₂O₂ in maize seeds: effects on germination and seedling acclimation to salt stress. Br. J. Plant Physiol., 22(2):103-112.

[16]Guan, Y.J., Hu, J., Wang, X.J., Shao, C.X., 2009. Seed priming with chitosan improves maize germination and seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under low temperature stress. J. Zhejiang Univ.-Sci. B (Biomed. & Biotechnol.), 10(6):427-433.

[17]Hameed, A., Farooq, S., Iqbal, N., Arshad, R., 2004. Influence of exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide on root and seedling growth on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int. J. Agric. Biol., 6(2):366-369.

[18]Hong, K., Xie, J., Zhang, L., Sun, D., Gong, D., 2012. Effects of chitosan coating on postharvest life and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit during cold storage. Sci. Hort., 144(1):172-178.

[19]ISTA, 1993. International rules for seed testing. Rules 1993. Seed Sci. Technol., 21(1):1-288.

[20]James, R.L., Genz, D., 1981. Ponderosa Pine Seed Treatments: Effects on Seed Germination and Disease Incidence. USDA Forest Service. Northern Region Report, Missoula, MT, 81(16):13-14.

[21]Kananont, N., Pichyangkura, R., Chanprame, S., Chadchawan, S., Limpanavech, P., 2010. Chitosan specificity for the in vitro seed germination of two Dendrobium orchids (Asparagales: Orchidaceae). Sci. Hort., 124(2):239-247.

[22]Khan, W., Prithiviraj, B., Smith, D.L., 2002. Effect of foliar application of chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides on photosynthesis of maize and soybean. Photosynthetica, 40(4):621-624.

[23]Khodari, S.E.A., 2004. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in salt stressed maize plants. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 6(1):5-8.

[24]Korystov, Y.N., Narimanov, A.A., 1997. Low doses of ionizing radiation and hydrogen peroxide stimulate plant growth. Biologia, 52(1):121-124.

[25]Lei, C., Ma, D., Pu, G., Qiu, X., Du, Z., Wang, H., Li, G., Ye, H., Liu, B., 2011. Foliar application of chitosan activates artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L. Ind. Crops Prod., 33(1):176-182.

[26]Li, J.T., Qiu, Z.B., Zhang, X.W., Wang, L.S., 2011. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide can enhance tolerance of wheat seedlings to salt stress. Acta Physiol. Plant., 33(3):835-842.

[27]Lizárraga-Paulín, E.G., Torres-Pacheco, I., Moreno-Martínez, E., Miranda-Castro, S.P., 2011a. Chitosan application in maize (Zea mays) to counteract the effects of abiotic stress at seedling level. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10(34):6439-6446.

[28]Lizárraga-Paulín, E.G., Torres-Pacheco, I., Moreno-Martínez, E., Miranda-Castro, S.P., 2011b. Protection against biotic stress induced by chitosan in maize seedldings (Zea mays). Mex. J. Agric. Sci., 2(6):813-827 (in Spanish).

[29]Miché, L., Balandreau, J., 2001. Effects of rice seed surface sterilization with hypochlorite on inoculated Burkholderia vietnamiensis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67(7):3046-3052.

[30]Miranda, S.P., 2000. Process for the Extraction of Chitin from Crustaceans and Their Conversion to Chitosan. Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (in Spanish).

[31]Monasterio, P., Velásquez, L., Alejos, G., Lugo, L., Maturet. W., Tablante, J., Rodríguez, L., Araujo, D., 2007. Corn crop development based on the phenologicalproposal. INIA Divulga, 10:59-63 (in Spanish).

[32]Msanga, H.P., Maghembe, J.A., 1989. Physical scarification and hydrogen peroxide treatment improves germination of Vangueria infausta seed. Forest Ecol. Management., 28(3-4):301-308.

[33]Ohta, K., Taniguchi, A., Konishi, N., Hosoki, T., 1999. Chitosan treatment affects plant growth and flower quality in Eustoma grandiflorum. HortScience, 34(2):233-234.

[34]Ortega-Ortíz, H., Benavides-Mendoza, A., Mendoza-Villarreal, R., Ramírez-Rodríguez, H., de alba Romenus, K., 2007. Enzymatic activity in tomato fruits as a response to chemical elicitors. J. Mex. Chem. Soc., 51(3):141-144.

[35]Pernezny, K.R., Nagata, R., Raid, R.N., Collins, J., Carroll, A., 2002. Investigation of seed treatments for management of bacterial leaf spot of lettuce. Plant Dis., 86(2):151-155.

[36]Piernas, V., Guiraud, J.P., 1997. Disinfection of rice seeds prior to sprouting. J. Food Sci., 62(3):611-615.

[37]Ruan, S.L., Xue, Q.Z., 2002. Effects of chitosan coating on seed germination and salt tolerance of seedlings in hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). Acta Agron. Sin., 28(6):803-808 (in Chinese).

[38]Sarath, G., Hou, G., Baird, L.M., Mitchell, R.B., 2007. Reactive oxygen species, ABA and nitric oxide interactions on the germination of warm-season C4-grasses. Planta, 226(3):697-708.

[39]Shao, C.X., Hu, J., Song, W.J., Hu, W.M., 2005. Effects of seed priming with chitosan solutions of different acidity on seed germination and physiological characteristics of maize seedling. J. Zhejiang Univ. Agric. Life Sci., 31(6):705-708 (in Chinese).

[40]Sonneveld, C., Voogt, W., 2009. Plant Nutrition of Greenhouse Crops. Springer, USA, p.431.

[41]Thordal-Christensen, H., Zhang, Z., Wei, Y., Collinge, D.B., 1997. Subcellular localization of H₂O₂ in plants, H₂O₂ accumulation in papillae and hypersensitive response during the barley-powdery mildew interaction. Plant J., 11(6):1187-1194.

[42]Weissinger, W.R., Beuchat, L.R., 2000. Comparison of aqueous chemical treatments to eliminate Salmonella on alfalfa seeds. J. Food Prot., 63(11):1475-1482.

[43]Yang, T., Poovaiah, B.W., 2002. Hydrogen peroxide homeostasis: activation of plant catalase by calcium/calmodulin. PNAS, 99(6):4097-4102.

[44]Zeng, D., Luo, X., Tu, R., 2012. Application of bioactive coatings based on chitosan for soybean seed protection. Int. J. Carbohydr. Chem., 2012(1):1-5.

[45]Zeng, K., Deng, Y., Ming, J., Deng, L., 2010. Induction of disease resistance and ROS metabolism in navel oranges by chitosan. Sci. Hort., 126(2):223-228.

[46]Zhou, Y.G., Yang, Y.D., Qi, Y.G., Zhang, Z.M., Wang, X.J., Hu, X.J., 2002. Effects of chitosan on some physiological activity in germinating seed of peanut. J. Peanut Sci., 31(1):22-25 (in Chinese).

[47]Ziani, K., Ursúa, B., Maté, J.I., 2010. Application of bioactive coatings based on chitosan for artichoke seed protection. Crop Prot., 29(8):853-859.