Journal of Zhejiang University

Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A

Accepted manuscript available online (unedited version)

Unsteady aerodynamic effects and underbody flow characteristics of high-speed trains at 400 km/h with bogie covering structures using an improved delayed detached-eddy simulation method

Author(s): Hongkang LIU^1, ^2, ³, Jinning GONG^2, ³, Yatian ZHAO^1, ^2, ³, Zhenyu ZHANG⁶, Kehui PENG^2, ³, Wenyue WANG^2, ³, Tiantian WANG^2, ^4, ⁵
Affiliation(s): ¹Extreme Flow Energy Frontier Science Centre, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China ²Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China ³National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China ⁴College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China ⁵College of Future Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China ⁶CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266111, China
Corresponding email(s): Tiantian WANG, wangtiantian@csu.edu.cn
Key Words: High-speed train; Bogie covers; Aerodynamic drag; Lift fluctuations; Pressure fluctuations; Underbody flow fields

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Hongkang LIU^1,^2,³, Jinning GONG^2,³, Yatian ZHAO^1,^2,³, Zhenyu ZHANG⁶, Kehui PENG^2,³, Wenyue WANG^2,³, Tiantian WANG^2,^4,⁵. Unsteady aerodynamic effects and underbody flow characteristics of high-speed trains at 400 km/h with bogie covering structures using an improved delayed detached-eddy simulation method[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A,in press.Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering,in press.https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2600046

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author="Hongkang LIU^1,^2,³, Jinning GONG^2,³, Yatian ZHAO^1,^2,³, Zhenyu ZHANG⁶, Kehui PENG^2,³, Wenyue WANG^2,³, Tiantian WANG^2,^4,⁵",
journal="Journal of Zhejiang University Science A",
year="in press",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2600046"
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Abstract
Chinese Summary
Academic Network
Reviewer Comment

Abstract: Although high-speed train (HST) bogie covers effectively reduce aerodynamic drag, they raise safety concerns due to lift-induced oscillations caused by unsteady underbody flow. This study investigates the effects of various bogie covering structures on aerodynamic load pulsations, pressure fluctuations, and underlying flow mechanisms in HSTs using an improved delayed detached-eddy simulation (IDDES) at 400 km/h. Three covering configurations are considered: fully enclosed covers (FECs), separated-type covers (STCs), and skirts-only. The numerical results show that all covering configurations significantly reduce the total aerodynamic drag. Specifically, FECs achieve the largest reduction at 19.81%, while STC and the skirt-only configurations achieve reductions of 16.24% and 14.45%, respectively. STCs perform better than FECs in suppressing lift fluctuations of car bodies, effectively reducing the root-mean-square (RMS) lift coefficient by up to 44%. While both STCs and FECs significantly attenuate pressure fluctuations by up to 98% in the head bogie cabins and 83% in the tail cabins, they intensify fluctuations in the middle cabins by 43% for STCs and 162% for FECs. Spectral analysis reveals that the dominant lift fluctuation frequencies for STCs and FECs primarily fall within 7-14 Hz, with a secondary range of 63-72 Hz. These fluctuations are attributed to cavity flow-induced resonance within the bogie cabin, which couples the internal and external airflows via the wheel gaps. Additionally, FECs exhibit higher fluctuation amplitudes than STCs. Furthermore, boundary layer instability on the lower surface of the head cover induces periodic high-frequency flow field fluctuations with a dominant frequency exceeding 115 Hz.

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On-line Access: 2026-06-22

Received: 2026-01-22

Revision Accepted: 2026-06-15

Crosschecked: 0000-00-00

Cited: 0

Clicked: 26

Citations: Bibtex RefMan EndNote GB/T7714

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