Abstract: Objective: Scandix pecten-veneris L. is a less studied wild edible herb and is considered an extinct plant species in many parts of the world. This study was designed to evaluate its phytochemical composition and biological potential of S. pecten-veneris L. Methods: Phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins were determined in extracts of S. pecten-veneris. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while reducing power was tested by ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial and four fungal strains was evaluated using agar well diffusion assay. Enzymes inhibition study was performed for urease, phosphodiesterase-I, and catalase-II. Results: S. pecten-veneris showed moderate antiradical activity and reducing potential of hydroxyl radicals to about 20% of the initial value. The antioxidant activity of various extracts of S. pecten-veneris showed a linear correlation with total phenolic contents in the order of water>n-butanol>chloroform>ethyl acetate>methanol extracts. S. pecten-veneris leaves showed the highest inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus while the highest antifungal activity was observed against Candida albicans. The plant extract was most potent against urease enzymes but showed moderate activity against phosphodiestrase-I and carbonic anhydrase-II. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that in addition to its culinary uses, S. pecten-veneris has good medicinal potential and hence could be used for treating some specific health ailments.

Scandix pecten-veneris L.的植物素、生物学潜力及酶抑制活性研究

[1]Aglaia LT, 2014. Scandix pecten-veneris L., a wild green leafy vegetable. Aust J Crop Sci, 8(1):103-108.

[2]Ahmad V, Hussain J, Hussain H, et al., 2003. First natural urease inhibitor from Euphorbia decipiens. Chem Pharm Bull, 51(6):719-723.

[3]Alli AI, Ehinmidu JO, Ibrahim YKE, 2011. Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants used in Ebiraland. Bayero J Pure Appl Sci, 4:10-16.

[4]Amin M, Anwar F, Naz F, et al., 2013. Anti-Helicobacter pylori and urease inhibition activities of some traditional medicinal plants. Molecules, 18(2):2135-2149.

[5]Ayoola GA, Coker HB, Adesegun SA, et al., 2008. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of some selected medicinal plants used for malaria therapy in southwestern Nigeria. Trop J Pharm Res, 7:1019-1024.

[6]Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, et al., 2008. Biological effects of essential oils: a review. Food Chem Toxicol, 46(2):446-475.

[7]Berry PM, Dawson TP, Harrison PA, et al., 2002. Modelling potential impacts of climate change on the bioclimatic envelope of species in Britain and Ireland. Global Ecol Biogeogr, 11(6):453-462.

[8]Dastmalchi K, Dorman HJD, Kosar M, et al., 2007. Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant evaluation of a aqueous soluble Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) extract. Food Sci Technol, 40:239-248.

[9]Devesa SS, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF, 1998. Changing patterns in the incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinoma in the United State. J Cancer, 83(10):2049-2053.

[10]Dorman HJ, Bachmayer O, Kosar M, et al., 2004. Antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from selected Lamiaceae species grown in Turkey. J Agric Food Chem, 52(4): 762-770.

[11]Gracelin DHS, Britto AJD, Kumar PBJR, 2013. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in five Pteris species. Int J Pharm Sci, 5(1):105-107.

[12]Hedrick UP, Sturtevant EL, 1972. Sturtevant’s Edible Plants of the World. Dover Publications, New York, USA.

[13]Hiyama T, Wynder EL, 1986. The decline of gastric cancer: epidemiology of unplanned triumph. J Epidemiol Rev, 8(1):1-27.

[14]Huang W, Zhang H, Liu W, et al., 2012. Survey of antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry in Nanjing. J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol), 13(2):94-102.

[15]Iamsaard S, Burawat J, Kanla P, et al., 2014. Antioxidant activity and protective effect of Clitoria ternatea flower extract on testicular damage induced by ketoconazole in rats. J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol), 15(6): 548-555.

[16]Imran M, Talpur FN, Jan MI, et al., 2007. Analysis of nutritional component of some wild edible plants. J Chem Soc Pak, 29:500-508.

[17]Iyer R, Barrese AA, Parakh S, et al., 2006. Inhibition profiling of human carbonic anhydrase II by high-throughput screening of structurally diverse, biologically active compounds. J Biomol Screen, 11(7):782-791.

[18]Kalemba D, Kunicka A, 2003. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils. Cur Med Chem, 10(10): 813-829.

[19]Khattak KF, Rahman TR, 2015. Effect of geographical distributions on the nutrient composition, phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Morus nigra. Pak J Pharm Sci, 28(5):1671-1678.

[20]Limuro M, Wakabayashi K, 2003. Preventive effects of Cladosiphon fucoidan against Helicobacter pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils. Helicobacter, 8(1):59-65.

[21]Lin J, Tang C, 2007. Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in selected fruits and vegetables, as well as their stimulatory effects on mouse splenocyte proliferation. Food Chem, 101:140-147.

[22]Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, et al., 2010. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev, 4(8):118-126.

[23]Miller AL, 1996. Antioxidant flavonoids: structure, function and clinical usage. Alt Med Rev, 1(2):103-111.

[24]Newman DJ, Cragg GM, Snader KM, 2003. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the period 1981-2002. J Nat Prod, 66(7):1022-1037.

[25]Ozyigit II, Kahraman MV, Ercan O, 2007. Relation between explants age, total phenols and regeneration response in tissue cultured cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Afr J Biotechnol, 6:3-8.

[26]Pieroni A, Janiak V, Dur CM, et al., 2002. In vitro antioxidant activity of non-cultivated vegetables of ethnic Albanians in southern Itlay. Photother Res, 16:467-473.

[27]Pinke G, Király G, Barina Z, et al., 2011. Assessment of endangered synanthropic plants of Hungary with special attention to arable weeds. Plant Biosyst, 145(2):426-435.

[28]Pinos-Rodríguez JM, Zamudio M, Gonzále SS, 2008. The effect of plant age on the chemical composition of fresh and ensiled Agave salmiana leaves. S Afr J Anim Sci, 38(1):43-50.

[29]Press B, Gibbons B, 1993. Photographic Field Guide to Wild Flowers of Britain and Europe, New Holland Publishers Ltd., London, UK.

[30]Rahimia R, Ghiasib S, Azimib H, et al., 2010. A review of the herbal phosphodiesterase inhibitors; future perspective of new drugs. Cytokine, 49(2):123-129.

[31]Rauf A, Muhammad S, Ghias U, et al., 2015. Phosphodiesterase-1 inhibitory activity of two flavonoids isolated from Pistacia integerrima J. L. stewart galls. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015:1-6.

[32]Shabnam M, Kowsar B, Faraz M, et al., 2015. Urease inhibitory activities of some commonly consumed herbal medicines. Iran J Pharm Res, 14(3):943-947.

[33]Simopoulos AP, 2004. Omega-3-fatty acids and antioxidants in edible wild plant. Biol Res, 37(2):263-277.

[34]Stepanovie S, Antie N, Dakie I, et al., 2003. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and synergism between propolis and antimicrobial drugs. Microb Res, 158(4): 353-357.

[35]Strzelecka M, Bzowska M, Koziet J, et al., 2005. Anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from some traditional Mediterranean diet plants. J Pharmacol Physiol, 56: 139-156.

[36]Supuran CT, 2008. Carbonic anhydrases: novel therapeutic applications for inhibitors and activators. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 7(2):168-181.

[37]Tanaka T, 1976. Tanaka’s Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing, Tokyo, Japan.

[38]Tezcan F, Gultekin OM, Diken T, et al., 2009. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic, organic acid and sugar content in commercial pomegranate juices. J Food Chem, 115(3):873-877.

[39]Wadood A, Ghufran M, Jamal SB, et al., 2013. Phytochemical analysis of medicinal plants occurring in local area of Mardan. Biochem Anal Chem, 2(4):2-4.

[40]Wildscreen Arkive, 2002. UK BAP Species Action Plan. http://www.arkive.org/shepherds-needle/scandix-pecten-veneris

[41]Winum JY, Scozzafava A, Montero JL, et al., 2006. New zinc binding motifs in the design of selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Mini-Rev Med Chem, 6(8):921-936.