Abstract: Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common malignancies, especially in young people. Combination chemotherapy for ALL typically includes corticosteroids (Kantarjian et al., 2000). Hyperglycemia is a well-recognized complication of corticosteroids, and chemotherapy-induced diabetes (CID) is not uncommon (27.5%–37.0%) during the treatment of ALL (Hsu et al., 2002; Weiser et al., 2004; Alves et al., 2007). Besides the effect of corticosteroids, potential factors triggering hyperglycemia in ALL also include direct infiltration of the pancreas by leukemia cells and β cell dysfunction induced by chemotherapeutic agents such as L-asparagine (Mohn et al., 2004).

急性淋巴细胞白血病化疗继发糖尿病的临床特点

[1]Alves C, Chaves C, Souza M, 2007. Transient diabetes mellitus related to L-asparaginase therapy. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol, 51(4):635-638.

[2]American Diabetes Association, 2018. Updates to the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care, 41(9):2045-2047.

[3]Banihashem A, Ghasemi A, Ghaemi N, et al., 2014. Prevalence of transient hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus in pediatric patients with acute leukemia. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol, 4(1):5-10.

[4]Biondani G, Peyron JF, 2018. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug to target leukemia. Front Endocrinol, 9:446.

[5]Chen WL, Wang JH, Zhao AH, et al., 2014. A distinct glucose metabolism signature of acute myeloid leukemia with prognostic value. Blood, 124(10):1645-1654.

[6]Chua LL, Rajasuriar R, Lim YAL, et al., 2020. Temporal changes in gut microbiota profile in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia prior to commencement-, during-, and post-cessation of chemotherapy. BMC Cancer, 20:151.

[7]Gifford G, Milliken S, Greenfield J, 2013. Diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to L-asparaginase in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Intern Med J, 43(8):946-948.

[8]Giovannucci E, Harlan DM, Archer MC, et al., 2010. Diabetes and cancer: a consensus report. CA Cancer J Clin, 60(4):207-221.

[9]Hsu YJ, Chen YC, Ho CL, et al., 2002. Diabetic ketoacidosis and persistent hyperglycemia as long-term complications of L-asparaginase-induced pancreatitis. Chin Med J (Taipei), 65(9):441-445.

[10]Kantarjian HM, O'Brien S, Smith TL, et al., 2000. Results of treatment with Hyper-CVAD, a dose-intensive regimen, in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol, 18(3):547.

[11]Koltin D, Sung L, Naqvi A, et al., 2012. Medication induced diabetes during induction in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: prevalence, risk factors and characteristics. Support Care Cancer, 20(9):2009-2015.

[12]Mohn A, di Marzio A, Capanna R, et al., 2004. Persistence of impaired pancreatic β-cell function in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet, 363(9403):127-128.

[13]Ouyang J, Lin J, Isnard S, et al., 2020a. The bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila: a sentinel for gut permeability and its relevance to HIV-related inflammation. Front Immunol, 11:645.

[14]Ouyang J, Isnard S, Lin J, et al., 2020b. Metformin effect on gut microbiota: insights for HIV-related inflammation. AIDS Res Ther, 17:10.

[15]Rosilio C, Lounnas N, Nebout M, et al., 2013. The metabolic perturbators metformin, phenformin and AICAR interfere with the growth and survival of murine PTEN-deficient T cell lymphomas and human T-ALL/T-LL cancer cells. Cancer Lett, 336(1):114-126.

[16]Thomas R, Wong WSW, Saadon R, et al., 2020. Gut microbial composition difference between pediatric ALL survivors and siblings. Pediatr Hematol Oncol, in press.

[17]Wang JH, Chen WL, Li JM, et al., 2013. Prognostic significance of 2-hydroxyglutarate levels in acute myeloid leukemia in China. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 110(42):17017-17022.

[18]Weiser MA, Cabanillas ME, Konopleva M, et al., 2004. Relation between the duration of remission and hyperglycemia during induction chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia with a hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone/methotrexate-cytarabine regimen. Cancer, 100(6):1179-1185.

[19]Zi FM, He JS, Li Y, et al., 2015. Metformin displays anti-myeloma activity and synergistic effect with dexamethasone in in vitro and in vivo xenograft models. Cancer Lett, 356(2):443-453.