Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was found initially in Wuhan, China in early December 2019. The pandemic has spread to 216 countries and regions, infecting more than 23310 000 people and causing over 800 000 deaths globally by Aug. 24, 2020, according to World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/ novel-coronavirus-2019). Fever, cough, and dyspnea are the three common symptoms of the condition, whereas the conventional transmission route for SARS-CoV-2 is through droplets entering the respiratory tract. To date, infection control measures for COVID-19 have been focusing on the involvement of the respiratory system. However, ignoring potential faecal transmission and the gastrointestinal involvement of SARS-CoV-2 may result in mistakes in attempts to control the pandemic.

COVID-19胃肠道感染和SARS-CoV-2潜在的粪便传播

[1]Ahmed W, Angel N, Edson J, et al., 2020. First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: a proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community. Sci Total Environ, 728:138764.

[2]Jin X, Lian JS, Hu JH, et al., 2020. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut, 69(6):1002-1009.

[3]la Rosa G, Iaconelli M, Mancini P, et al., 2020. First detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewaters in Italy. Sci Total Environ, 736:139652.

[4]Lamers MM, Beumer J, van der Vaart J, et al., 2020. SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes. Science, 369(6499):50-54.

[5]Lee JJ, Kopetz S, Vilar E, et al., 2020. Relative abundance of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the enterocytes of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Genes (Basel), 11(6):645.

[6]Leung WK, To KF, Chan PKS, et al., 2003. Enteric involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection. Gastroenterology, 125(4):1011-1017.

[7]Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, et al., 2003. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature, 426(6965):450-454.

[8]Liu Y, Ning Z, Chen Y, et al., 2020. Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals. Nature, 582(7813):557-560.

[9]Lu RJ, Zhao X, Li J, et al., 2020. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet, 395(10224):565-574.

[10]Nassar MS, Bakhrebah MA, Meo SA, et al., 2018. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 22(15):4956-4961.

[11]https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201808_15635

[12]Peiris JSM, Chu CM, Cheng VCC, et al., 2003. Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study. Lancet, 361(9371):1767-1772.

[13]Raj VS, Mou HH, Smits SL, et al., 2013. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC. Nature, 495(7440):251-254.

[14]van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, et al., 2020. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med, 382(16):1564-1567.

[15]Wang WL, Xu YL, Gao RQ, et al., 2020. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA, 323(18):1843-1844.

[16]Wu YJ, Guo C, Tang LT, et al., 2020. Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5(5):434-435.

[17]Xiao F, Tang MW, Zheng XB, et al., 2020. Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2. Gastroenterology, 158(6):1831-1833.e3.

[18]Zhou J, Li C, Zhao GY, et al., 2017. Human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection route for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Sci Adv, 3(11):eaao4966.