Affiliation(s):
State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
moreAffiliation(s): State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Zhejiang University NGICS Platform, Hangzhou 310000, China;
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Rongkuan MA, Hao ZHENG, Jingyi WANG, Mufeng WANG, Qiang WEI, Qiang WEI. Automatic protocol reverse engineering for industrial control systems with dynamic taint analysis[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering,in press.https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000709
@article{title="Automatic protocol reverse engineering for industrial control systems with dynamic taint analysis", author="Rongkuan MA, Hao ZHENG, Jingyi WANG, Mufeng WANG, Qiang WEI, Qiang WEI", journal="Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering", year="in press", publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer", doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000709" }
%0 Journal Article %T Automatic protocol reverse engineering for industrial control systems with dynamic taint analysis %A Rongkuan MA %A Hao ZHENG %A Jingyi WANG %A Mufeng WANG %A Qiang WEI %A Qiang WEI %J Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering %P 351-360 %@ 2095-9184 %D in press %I Zhejiang University Press & Springer doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000709"
TY - JOUR T1 - Automatic protocol reverse engineering for industrial control systems with dynamic taint analysis A1 - Rongkuan MA A1 - Hao ZHENG A1 - Jingyi WANG A1 - Mufeng WANG A1 - Qiang WEI A1 - Qiang WEI J0 - Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering SP - 351 EP - 360 %@ 2095-9184 Y1 - in press PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer ER - doi="https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000709"
Abstract: Proprietary (or semi-proprietary) protocols are widely adopted in industrial control systems (ICSs). Inferring protocol format by reverse engineering is important for many network security applications, e.g., program tests and intrusion detection. Conventional protocol reverse engineering methods have been proposed which are considered time-consuming, tedious, and error-prone. Recently, automatical protocol reverse engineering methods have been proposed which are, however, neither effective in handling binary-based ICS protocols based on network traffic analysis nor accurate in extracting protocol fields from protocol implementations. In this paper, we present a framework called the industrial control system protocol reverse engineering framework (ICSPRF) that aims to extract ICS protocol fields with high accuracy. ICSPRF is based on the key insight that an individual field in a message is typically handled in the same execution context, e.g., basic block (BBL) group. As a result, by monitoring program execution, we can collect the tainted data information processed in every BBL group in the execution trace and cluster it to derive the protocol format. We evaluate our approach with six open-source ICS protocol implementations. The results show that ICSPRF can identify individual protocol fields with high accuracy (on average a 94.3% match ratio). ICSPRF also has a low coarse-grained and overly fine-grained match ratio. For the same metric, ICSPRF is more accurate than AutoFormat (88.5% for all evaluated protocols and 80.0% for binary-based protocols).
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