JZUS - Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016 Vol.17 No.6 P.543-552

Orbit determination using incremental phase and TDOA of X-ray pulsar

Author(s): Rong Jiao, Lu-ping Xu, Hua Zhang, Cong Li
Affiliation(s): School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi�an 710126, China
Corresponding email(s): lpxu@mail.xidian.edu.cn
Key Words: Orbit determination algorithm, Single X-ray pulsar detector, Phase increment, Two-body motion equations, Weighted least squares method

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Abstract: X-ray pulsars offer stable, periodic X-ray pulse sequences that can be used in spacecraft positioning systems. A method using X-ray pulsars to determine the initial orbit of a satellite is presented in this paper. This method suggests only one detector to be equipped on the satellite and assumes that the detector observes three pulsars in turn. To improve the performance, the use of incremental phase in one observation duration is proposed, and the incremental phase is combined with the time difference of arrival (TDOA). Then, a weighted least squares (WLS) algorithm is formulated to calculate the initial orbit. Numerical simulations are performed to assess the proposed orbit determination method.

基于X射线脉冲星相位增量和TDOA的初轨确定方法

目的：针对航天器需要安装多个探测器及初轨定轨精度低的问题，实现单探测器高精度定轨。
创新点：提出一种使用单探测器分时观测三颗X射线脉冲星来确定初始轨道的方法，并将一个观测周期内的相位增量和TDOA相融合来提高定轨精度。
方法：首先，从X射线脉冲星导航基本原理出发，得到TDOA观测量。考虑到航天器同时安装多个探测器时体积大功耗高的问题，提出了在航天器上安装一个探测器，轮流分时观测三颗脉冲星，获得相位增量观测量。然后，使用加权最小二乘法将TDOA和相位增量信息融合，提供比传统X射线脉冲星导航更多的信息，从而提高定轨精度。最后，通过仿真实验，验证所提方法的有效性。
结论：为了提高初轨定轨精度，提出了一种X射线脉冲星相位增量观测与TDOA相融合的方法。与单独TDOA定轨相比，融合算法定轨位置精度提高了30%以上，速度精度提高了20%以上，达到了初轨确定的精度要求。

关键词：初轨确定算法；单X射线脉冲星探测器；相位增量；二体运动方程；加权最小二乘法

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基于X射线脉冲星相位增量和TDOA的初轨确定方法

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