Full Text:   <2188>

Summary:  <1811>

CLC number: TP393

On-line Access: 2018-02-06

Received: 2016-12-09

Revision Accepted: 2017-07-12

Crosschecked: 2017-12-20

Cited: 0

Clicked: 6522

Citations:  Bibtex RefMan EndNote GB/T7714

 ORCID:

Gui-lin CAI

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-2539

-   Go to

Article info.
Open peer comments

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering  2017 Vol.18 No.12 P.2017-2034

http://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1601797


Game theoretic analysis for the mechanism of moving target defense


Author(s):  Gui-lin Cai, Bao-sheng Wang, Qian-qian Xing

Affiliation(s):  College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Corresponding email(s):   caiguilin08@nudt.edu.cn, wangbaosheng@126.com

Key Words:  Network security, Moving target defense (MTD), Defense mechanism, Defense model, Game theory


Gui-lin Cai, Bao-sheng Wang, Qian-qian Xing. Game theoretic analysis for the mechanism of moving target defense[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2017, 18(12): 2017-2034.

@article{title="Game theoretic analysis for the mechanism of moving target defense",
author="Gui-lin Cai, Bao-sheng Wang, Qian-qian Xing",
journal="Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering",
volume="18",
number="12",
pages="2017-2034",
year="2017",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/FITEE.1601797"
}

%0 Journal Article
%T Game theoretic analysis for the mechanism of moving target defense
%A Gui-lin Cai
%A Bao-sheng Wang
%A Qian-qian Xing
%J Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering
%V 18
%N 12
%P 2017-2034
%@ 2095-9184
%D 2017
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/FITEE.1601797

TY - JOUR
T1 - Game theoretic analysis for the mechanism of moving target defense
A1 - Gui-lin Cai
A1 - Bao-sheng Wang
A1 - Qian-qian Xing
J0 - Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering
VL - 18
IS - 12
SP - 2017
EP - 2034
%@ 2095-9184
Y1 - 2017
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/FITEE.1601797


Abstract: 
moving target defense (MTD) is a novel way to alter the asymmetric situation of attacks and defenses, and a lot of MTD studies have been carried out recently. However, relevant analysis for the defense mechanism of the MTD technology is still absent. In this paper, we analyze the defense mechanism of MTD technology in two dimensions. First, we present a new defense model named MP2R to describe the proactivity and effect of MTD technology intuitively. Second, we use the incomplete information dynamic game theory to verify the proactivity and effect of MTD technology. Specifically, we model the interaction between a defender who equips a server with different types of MTD techniques and a visitor who can be a user or an attacker, and analyze the equilibria and their conditions for these models. Then, we take an existing incomplete information dynamic game model for traditional defense and its equilibrium result as baseline for comparison, to validate the proactivity and effect of MTD technology. We also identify the factors that will influence the proactivity and effectiveness of the MTD approaches. This work gives theoretical support for understanding the defense process and defense mechanism of MTD technology and provides suggestions to improve the effectiveness of MTD approaches.

基于博弈论方法的移动目标防御机理研究

概要:移动目标防御(moving target defense, MTD)为改变当前网络易攻难守的局面提供了一种新的思路。目前已有大量的MTD技术,但对其防御机理的研究仍然缺乏。本文从两个角度对MTD技术的防御机理进行分析。首先,提出一种新的防御模型MP2R,从直观上描述MTD的主动性和有效性。然后,采用不完全信息动态博弈理论阐述和研究MTD技术的主动性和有效性。对可为服务器配备不同类型MTD技术的防御者与访问者(攻击者或正常用户)之间的行为交互进行建模,并求解出该模型的均衡结果及均衡条件。同时,将针对传统防御不完全信息动态博弈的已有模型作比较,说明MTD技术的主动性和有效性。此外,本文还分析了影响MTD方法主动性和有效性的因素。本文为理解MTD防御机理提供理论依据,并为改善MTD方法的有效性提供指导。

关键词:网络安全;移动目标防御;防御机理;防御模型;博弈论

Darkslateblue:Affiliate; Royal Blue:Author; Turquoise:Article

Reference

[1]Al-Shaer, E., Duan, Q., Jafarian, J.H., 2013. Random host mutation for moving target defense. Int. Conf. on Security and Privacy in Communication Systems, p.310-327.

[2]Azab, M., Hassan, R., Eltoweissy, M., 2011. ChameleonSoft: a moving target defense system. 7th Int. Conf. on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing, p.241-250.

[3]Cai, G., Wang, B., Hu, W., et al., 2016a. Moving target defense: state of the art and characteristics. Front. Inform. Technol. Electron. Eng., 17(11):1122-1153.

[4]Cai, G., Wang, B., Luo, Y., et al., 2016b. Characterizing the running patterns of moving target defense mechanisms. 18th Int. Conf. on Advanced Communication Technology, p.191-196.

[5]Carroll, T., Grosu, D., 2011. A game theoretic investigation of deception in network security. Secur. Commun. Netw., 4(10):1162-1172.

[6]Carroll, T., Crouse, M., Fulp, E., et al., 2014. Analysis of network address shuffling as a moving target defense. IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, p.701-706.

[7]Carter, K., Riordan, J., Okhravi, H., 2014. A game theoretic approach to strategy determination for dynamic platform defenses. 1st ACM Workshop on Moving Target Defense, p.21-30.

[8]Carvalho, M., Bradshaw, J., Bunch, L., et al., 2012. Command and control requirements for moving-target defense. IEEE Intell. Syst., 27(3):79-85.

[9]Colbaugh, R., Glass, K., 2012. Predictability-oriented defense against adaptive adversaries. IEEE Int. Conf. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, p.2721-2727.

[10]Hobson, T., Okhravi, H., Bigelow, D., et al., 2014. On the challenges of effective movement. 1st ACM Workshop on Moving Target Defense, p.41-50.

[11]Huang, Y., Ghosh, A., 2011. Introducing diversity and uncertainty to create moving attack surfaces for web services. In: Jajodia, S., Ghosh, A., Swarup, V., et al. (Eds.), Moving Target Defense: Creating Asymmetric Uncertainty for Cyber Threats. Springer New York, New York, p.131-151.

[12]Jajodia, S., Ghosh, A., Swarup, V., et al., 2011. Moving Target Defense: Creating Asymmetric Uncertainty for Cyber Threats. Springer Science & Business Media.

[13]Jia, C., Zhong, A., Zhang, W., et al., 2006. Incomplete informational and dynamic game model in network security. J. Comput. Res. Dev., 43(Suppl.):530-533 (in Chinese).

[14]Liu, C., Zhang, Y., Chen, R., 2011. Research on dynamic model for network security based on artificial immunity. Int. J. Knowl. Lang. Process., 2(3):21-35.

[15]Lye, K.W., Wing, J., 2005. Game strategies in network security. Int. J. Inform. Secur., 4(1-2):71-86.

[16]Manadhata, P., 2013. Game theoretic approaches to attack surface shifting. In: Jajodia, S., Ghosh, A., Subrahmanian, V., et al. (Eds.), Moving Target Defense II: Application of Game Theory and Adversarial Modeling. Springer New York, New York, p.1-13.

[17]Manshaei, M., Zhu, Q., Alpcan, T., et al., 2013. Game theory meets network security and privacy. ACM Comput. Surv., 45(3):25.

[18]Moody, W.C., Hu, H., Apon, A., 2014. Defensive maneuver cyber platform modeling with stochastic Petri Nets. Int. Conf. on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing, p.531-538.

[19]NITRD, 2009. National Cyber Leap Year Summit 2009. Co-chairs&x2019; Report. https://www.nitrd.gov/fileupload/files/National_Cyber_Leap_Year_Summit_2009_CoChairs_Report.pdf

[20]NITRD, 2010. NITRD CSIA IWG Cybersecurity Game-Change Research and Development Recommendations. https://www.nitrd.gov/cybersecurity/

[21]Okhravi, H., Hobson, T., Bigelow, D., et al., 2014. Finding focus in the blur of moving-target techniques. IEEE Secur. Priv., 12(2):16-26.

[22]Prakash, A., Wellman, M., 2015. Empirical game-theoretic analysis for moving target defense. 2nd ACM Workshop on Moving Target Defense, p.57-65.

[23]Shi, L., Jia, C., Lu, S., 2007. DoS evading mechanism upon service hopping. IFIP Int. Conf. on Network and Parallel Computing Workshops, p.119-122.

[24]Shi, L., Jia, C., Lv, S., 2009. A game theoretic analysis of service hopping mechanism for DoS defense. J. Electron. Inform. Techn., 31(1):228-232 (in Chinese).

[25]Urias, V.E., Stout, W.M.S., Loverro, C., 2015. Computer network deception as a moving target defense. Int. Carnahan Conf. on Security Technology, p.1-6.

[26]Vadlamudi, S., Sengupta, S., Kambhampati, S., et al., 2016. Moving target defense for web applications using Bayesian Stackelberg games. arXiv:1602.07024.

[27]Winterrose, M.L., Carter, K.M., 2014. Strategic evolution of adversaries against temporal platform diversity active cyber defenses. Proc. Symp. on Agent Directed Simulation, p.9.

[28]Winterrose, M.L., Carter, K.M., Wagner, N., et al., 2014. Adaptive attacker strategy development against moving target cyber defenses. arXiv:1407.8540.

[29]Zhu, Q., Başar, T., 2013. Game-theoretic approach to feedback-driven multi-stage moving target defense. LNCS, 8252:246-263.

[30]Zhuang, R., DeLoach, S., Ou, X., 2014. Towards a theory of moving target defense. 1st ACM Workshop on Moving Target Defense, p.31-40.

Open peer comments: Debate/Discuss/Question/Opinion

<1>

Please provide your name, email address and a comment





Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
Tel: +86-571-87952783; E-mail: cjzhang@zju.edu.cn
Copyright © 2000 - 2024 Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE