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On-line Access: 2024-08-27

Received: 2023-10-17

Revision Accepted: 2024-05-08

Crosschecked: 2018-02-09

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Citations:  Bibtex RefMan EndNote GB/T7714

 ORCID:

Ramin Rahmani

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-8842

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Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A 2018 Vol.19 No.3 P.175-188

http://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1700481


Heat generation and transfer in automotive dry clutch engagement


Author(s):  Theofilos Gkinis, Ramin Rahmani, Homer Rahnejat, Martin OMahony

Affiliation(s):  Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK; more

Corresponding email(s):   R.Rahmani@lboro.ac.uk

Key Words:  Automotive clutch, Thermal network model, Clutch lining temperature, Friction, Tribometry, Lining material properties


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Theofilos Gkinis, Ramin Rahmani, Homer Rahnejat, Martin OMahony. Heat generation and transfer in automotive dry clutch engagement[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, 2018, 19(3): 175-188.

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Abstract: 
Dynamic behaviour of automotive dry clutches depends on the frictional characteristics of the contact between the friction lining material, the flywheel, and the pressure plate during the clutch engagement process. During engagement due to high interfacial slip and relatively high contact pressures, generated friction gives rise to contact heat, which affects the material behaviour and the associated frictional characteristics. In practice excess interfacial slipping and generated heat during torque transmission can result in wear of the lining, thermal distortion of the friction disc, and reduced useful life of the clutch. This paper provides measurement of friction lining characteristics for dry clutches for new and worn state under representative operating conditions pertaining to interfacial slipping during clutch engagement, applied contact pressures, and generated temperatures. An analytical thermal partitioning network model of the clutch assembly, incorporating the flywheel, friction lining, and the pressure plate is presented, based upon the principle of conservation of energy. The results of the analysis show a higher coefficient of friction for the new lining material which reduces the extent of interfacial slipping during clutch engagement, thus reducing the frictional power loss and generated interfacial heating. The generated heat is removed less efficiently from worn lining. This might be affected by different factors observed such as the reduced lining thickness and the reduction of density of the material but mainly because of poorer thermal conductivity due to the depletion of copper particles in its microstructure as the result of wear. The study integrates frictional characteristics, microstructural composition, mechanisms of heat generation, effect of lining wear, and heat transfer in a fundamental manner, an approach not hitherto reported in literature.

I am pleased with the extend of the research and diversity of the topics involved. For future such investigations, a validation (or part validation due to complexity) of the theoretical model with practical thermal measurements is recommended. Following this, an improved design showing clear impact of the developed model in real world clutch design, could be considered.

汽车干式离合器啮合时的产热和传热

目的:本研究旨在凸显热效应在离合系统动态摩擦分析中的重要性以及将其拓展到制动系统的可能性.
创新点:采用一种未被报道过的新方法从根本上整合摩擦特性、微结构组分、产热机理、摩擦片磨损和传热机制.
方法:基于能量守恒原理,针对由飞轮、摩擦片和压力板构成的离合系统提出一种适用于工业应用的热分区网络解析模型.
结论:1. 通过实测得到的μ-ν特性表明,新的摩擦片具有磨损片子所不具备的温度敏感性. 2. 通过对磨损片子的微结构分析以及热导率变化的测量显示,晶格结构中铜颗粒损耗会导致其导热性能减弱. 3. 使用摩擦计的测量结果显示新的摩擦片相对于磨损片子具有更高的摩擦系数;较高的摩擦系数减轻了离合器啮合时产生的界面滑移的程度,从而减小了由于产热导致的摩擦功率损耗. 4. 根据本文发展的热学模型,新的摩擦片可通过其优良的导热性将摩擦产生的热量释放出去.

关键词:汽车离合器;热网络模型;离合器摩擦片温度;摩擦;摩擦力测量法;摩擦片材料特性

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