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CLC number: TP212
On-line Access: 2023-05-31
Received: 2022-10-15
Revision Accepted: 2023-05-31
Crosschecked: 2023-03-01
Cited: 0
Clicked: 1282
Citations: Bibtex RefMan EndNote GB/T7714
An efficient wear-leveling-aware multi-grained allocator for persistent memory file systems
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Zhiwang YU, Runyu ZHANG, Chaoshu YANG, Shun NIE, Duo LIU. An efficient wear-leveling-aware multi-grained allocator for persistent memory file systems
@article{title="An efficient wear-leveling-aware multi-grained allocator for persistent memory file systems
author="Zhiwang YU, Runyu ZHANG, Chaoshu YANG, Shun NIE, Duo LIU",
journal="Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering",
volume="24",
number="5",
pages="688-702",
year="2023",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/FITEE.2200468"
}
%0 Journal Article
%T An efficient wear-leveling-aware multi-grained allocator for persistent memory file systems
%A Zhiwang YU
%A Runyu ZHANG
%A Chaoshu YANG
%A Shun NIE
%A Duo LIU
%J Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering
%V 24
%N 5
%P 688-702
%@ 2095-9184
%D 2023
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/FITEE.2200468
TY - JOUR
T1 - An efficient wear-leveling-aware multi-grained allocator for persistent memory file systems
A1 - Zhiwang YU
A1 - Runyu ZHANG
A1 - Chaoshu YANG
A1 - Shun NIE
A1 - Duo LIU
J0 - Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering
VL - 24
IS - 5
SP - 688
EP - 702
%@ 2095-9184
Y1 - 2023
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/FITEE.2200468
Abstract: persistent memory (PM) file systems have been developed to achieve high performance by exploiting the advanced features of PMs, including nonvolatility, byte addressability, and dynamic random access memory (DRAM) like performance. Unfortunately, these PMs suffer from limited write endurance. Existing space management strategies of PM file systems can induce a severely unbalanced wear problem, which can damage the underlying PMs quickly. In this paper, we propose a wear-leveling-aware multi-grained allocator, called WMAlloc, to achieve the wear leveling of PMs while improving the performance of file systems. WMAlloc adopts multiple min-heaps to manage the unused space of PMs. Each heap represents an allocation granularity. Then, WMAlloc allocates less-worn blocks from the corresponding min-heap for allocation requests. Moreover, to avoid recursive split and inefficient heap locations in WMAlloc, we further propose a bitmap-based multi-heap tree (BMT) to enhance WMAlloc, namely, WMAlloc-BMT. We implement WMAlloc and WMAlloc-BMT in the Linux kernel based on NOVA, a typical PM file system. Experimental results show that, compared with the original NOVA and dynamic wear-aware range management (DWARM), which is the state-of-the-art wear-leveling-aware allocator of PM file systems, WMAlloc can, respectively, achieve 4.11× and 1.81× maximum write number reduction and 1.02× and 1.64× performance with four workloads on average. Furthermore, WMAlloc-BMT outperforms WMAlloc with 1.08× performance and achieves 1.17× maximum write number reduction with four workloads on average.
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