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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering  2023 Vol.24 No.12 P.1665-1668

http://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2320000


Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for wireless communications


Author(s):  Qiang CHENG, Shi JIN, Tie Jun CUI

Affiliation(s):  School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

Corresponding email(s):   qiangcheng@seu.edu.cn

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Qiang CHENG, Shi JIN, Tie Jun CUI. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for wireless communications[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2023, 24(12): 1665-1668.

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Abstract: 
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a two-dimensional artificial material with reconfigurable electromagnetic characteristics. Since the phase, amplitude, polarization, and frequency responses of electromagnetic waves at each element can be independently adjusted by changing the biasing signals of tunable devices embedded in the RIS elements, it is possible to reshape the wavefront of the spatial electromagnetic waves in a programmable way. Therefore, RIS provides powerful capability to control the wireless propagation environment and improve the performance of wireless communication networks, along with the advantages of low complexity, simple structure, and low cost, showing great potentials for many applications including wireless coverage extension, wireless coverage enhancement, and wireless system capacity improvement. There are several important technical points in the development of RIS-aided wireless communication technology.

面向无线通信的智能超表面

程强,金石,崔铁军
东南大学信息科学与工程学院,中国南京市,210096
概要:智能超表面(RIS)是一种具有可重构电磁特性的二维人工材料。通过改变嵌入RIS元件中的可调谐器件的控制信号,可独立地调整每个元件表面电磁波的相位、振幅、偏振和频率响应,因此能够以可编程的方式重塑空间电磁波的波前。RIS提供了强大的能力来控制无线传播环境,提高无线通信网络的性能,同时具有低复杂性、结构简单、低成本的优点,在无线覆盖扩展、无线覆盖增强以及无线系统容量的提高方面具有很好的优势。目前,RIS辅助无线通信技术的发展聚焦以下几个关键点:
1. RIS硬件的低功耗、低成本设计
在RIS开发过程中,功耗和系统成本是其未来大规模部署的两个关键因素。控制和驱动电路及其可调谐组件的功耗通常在系统功耗中比例较高。微波材料和射频(RF)部件的有效成本控制也很重要。如何实现功耗、成本和性能之间的良好平衡在很大程度上取决于先进的设计技术和创新的解决方案。
2.新硬件架构和模型下的RIS波束形成设计
随着RIS技术的进步,RIS硬件在网络中的配置愈发多样化。RIS与放大转发(AF)中继的结合有望平衡硬件成本和通信速率之间的关系。通过引进新型RIS,进一步实现传输波和反射波的联合调控,并实现全向空间的完整覆盖。此外,还可引入RIS的宽带信道模型和现实功耗模型,以支持RIS波束成形和能效性能的联合优化。
3. RIS的新应用和标准化考虑
RIS技术的引入为物理层通信安全带来新的维度。基于RIS的物理层密钥生成协议可以通过反射模式的动态优化来提高密钥容量。优化基站发射功率和RIS无源波束成形有助于减少干扰。此外,RIS标准化讨论及其在工程中的应用研究也是非常迫切的,从标准化的角度,将RIS的性能与3GPP release-18(R18)中的网络控制中继器(NCR)进行比较很有意义。
目前,RIS在无线通信中的未来应用仍面临多重机遇与挑战。为此,中国工程院院刊《信息与电子工程前沿(英文)》组织了本期专题。经严格评审,选出12篇论文,包括2篇综述和10篇研究,涵盖了物理实现、算法设计和标准化等热点话题。

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