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Received: 2023-10-17

Revision Accepted: 2024-05-08

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering  2017 Vol.18 No.5 P.627-643

http://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1601503


A subband excitation substitute based scheme for narrowband speech watermarking


Author(s):  Wei Liu, Ai-qun Hu

Affiliation(s):  School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

Corresponding email(s):   weiliu@seu.edu.cn, aqhu@seu.edu.cn

Key Words:  Analysis filter, Linear prediction, Narrowband speech watermarking, Passband excitation replacement, Power normalization, Spectral envelope shaping, Synthesis filter


Wei Liu, Ai-qun Hu. A subband excitation substitute based scheme for narrowband speech watermarking[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2017, 18(5): 627-643.

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Abstract: 
We propose a new narrowband speech watermarking scheme by replacing part of the speech with a scaled and spectrally shaped hidden signal. Theoretically, it is proved that if a small amount of host speech is modified, then not only an ideal channel model for hidden communication can be established, but also high imperceptibility and good intelligibility can be achieved. Furthermore, a practical system implementation is proposed. At the embedder, the power normalization criterion is first imposed on a passband watermark signal by forcing its power level to be the same as the original passband excitation of the cover speech, and a synthesis filter is then used to spectrally shape the scaled watermark signal. At the extractor, a bandpass filter is first used to get rid of the out-of-band signal, and an analysis filter is then employed to compensate for the distortion introduced by the synthesis filter. Experimental results show that the data rate is as high as 400 bits/s with better bandwidth efficiency, and good imperceptibility is achieved. Moreover, this method is robust against various attacks existing in real applications.

一种基于子带激励替换的窄带语音水印算法

概要:本文建议了一种新的窄带语音水印算法,该算法将部分语音信号替换为一个经过幅度调节和频谱成形的隐蔽信号。文中从理论上证明了若仅对一小部分载体语音作修改,则不但可以建立一个用于隐蔽通信的理想信道模型,而且还能确保隐藏信号的不可感知性和带水印信号的可懂度。在此基础上,文中建议了一个实际的系统模型。在嵌入器中,使用了能量规范化准则,使得通带水印信号的能量与原始通带语音激励信号的能量相等,然后使用合成滤波器来对该水印信号进行频谱成形。在提取器中,先用带通滤波器去除带外信号,然后用分析滤波器对失真进行补偿。实验结果显示,本文建议算法的数据速率可达400 bits/s,具有更佳的带宽效率,且有良好的不可感知性。此外,该算法对实际应用中的各种攻击也是顽健的。

关键词:分析滤波器;线性预测;窄带语音水印;通带激励替代;能量规范化;谱包络成形;合成滤波器

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