CLC number: TN929.5
On-line Access: 2024-01-26
Received: 2023-07-20
Revision Accepted: 2024-01-26
Crosschecked: 2023-08-17
Cited: 0
Clicked: 522
Yuanwei LIU, Jiaqi XU, Zhaolin WANG, Xidong MU, Jianhua ZHANG, Ping ZHANG. Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting (STAR) RISs for 6G: fundamentals, recent advances, and future directions[J]. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2023, 24(12): 1689-1707.
@article{title="Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting (STAR) RISs for 6G: fundamentals, recent advances, and future directions",
author="Yuanwei LIU, Jiaqi XU, Zhaolin WANG, Xidong MU, Jianhua ZHANG, Ping ZHANG",
journal="Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering",
volume="24",
number="12",
pages="1689-1707",
year="2023",
publisher="Zhejiang University Press & Springer",
doi="10.1631/FITEE.2300490"
}
%0 Journal Article
%T Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting (STAR) RISs for 6G: fundamentals, recent advances, and future directions
%A Yuanwei LIU
%A Jiaqi XU
%A Zhaolin WANG
%A Xidong MU
%A Jianhua ZHANG
%A Ping ZHANG
%J Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering
%V 24
%N 12
%P 1689-1707
%@ 2095-9184
%D 2023
%I Zhejiang University Press & Springer
%DOI 10.1631/FITEE.2300490
TY - JOUR
T1 - Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting (STAR) RISs for 6G: fundamentals, recent advances, and future directions
A1 - Yuanwei LIU
A1 - Jiaqi XU
A1 - Zhaolin WANG
A1 - Xidong MU
A1 - Jianhua ZHANG
A1 - Ping ZHANG
J0 - Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering
VL - 24
IS - 12
SP - 1689
EP - 1707
%@ 2095-9184
Y1 - 2023
PB - Zhejiang University Press & Springer
ER -
DOI - 10.1631/FITEE.2300490
Abstract: Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RISs) have been attracting significant attention in both academia and industry for their advantages of achieving 360° coverage and enhanced degrees-of-freedom. This article first identifies the fundamentals of STAR-RIS, by discussing the hardware models, channel models, and signal models. Then, three representative categorizing approaches for STAR-RISs are introduced from the phase-shift, directional, and energy consumption perspectives. Furthermore, the beamforming design of STAR-RISs is investigated for both independent and coupled phase-shift cases. As a recent advance, a general optimization framework, which has high compatibility and provable optimality regardless of the application scenarios, is proposed. As a further advance, several promising applications are discussed to demonstrate the potential benefits of applying STAR-RISs in sixth-generation wireless communication. Lastly, a few future directions and research opportunities are highlighted.
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